Biografi Ariel Sharon Tokoh Perdana Menteri Israel

Ariel Sharon lahir di Kfar Malal, Mandat Britania atas Palestina, 26 Februari 1928 – meninggal di Tel Aviv, Israel, 11 Januari 2014 pada umur 85 tahun) adalah seorang politikus dan jenderal Israel. Ia menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri Israel dari 7 Maret 2001 hingga 14 April 2006. Kekuasaannya sebagai perdana menteri kemudian digantikan oleh Perdana Menteri (sementara) Ehud Olmert karena ia terkena serangan stroke pada Januari 2006. Ia mengalami koma dalam waktu yang lama, sehingga tidak memungkinkan untuk dapat kembali menjalankan tugas-tugas sebagai pemimpin pemerintahan.

Ia lahir di Kfar Malal (Mandat British Palestina) dan tampil sebagai pemimpin politik serta militer berkebangsaan Israel. Sharon juga pernah menjadi pemimpin Likud, partai terbesar dalam koalisi pemerintah dalam parlemen Israel, Knesset, hingga ia mengundurkan diri dari partai tersebut pada 21 November 2005. Ia kemudian membentuk partai baru bernama Kadima. Selama tiga puluh tahun Sharon berdinas sebagai anggota Angkatan Bersenjata Israel. Pangkat tertingginya adalah Mayor Jenderal. Ia menjadi terkenal di Israel karena keterlibatannya dalam Perang Enam Hari pada tahun 1967 dan Perang Yom Kippur pada tahun 1973.

Ariel Sharon juga bertanggung jawab pada tragedi pembantaian Qibya pada 13 Oktober 1953 di mana saat itu 96 orang Palestina tewas oleh Unit 101 yang dipimpinnya dan pembantaian Sabra dan Shatila di Libanon pada 1982 yang mengakibatkan antara 3.000 - 3.500 jiwa terbunuh, sehingga ia dijuluki sebagai 'Tukang Jagal dari Beirut'. Kondisi kesehatan Ariel Sharon membuat banyak pihak was-was dan prihatin terhadap masa depan rencana perdamaian di Timur Tengah. Kebijakan Sharon untuk melakukan pengunduran diri dari Jalur Gaza dan Tepi Barat diyakini sejumlah pihak sebagai langkah maju menuju perdamaian dengan bangsa Palestina. Namun kebijakan ini banyak mengalami tantangan dari golongan kanan di Israel.

Pada 11 Februari 2006, kondisinya memburuk dan ia kembali harus menjalani pembedahan darurat setelah sistem pencernaannya rusak parah. Pada 11 April 2006, Kabinet Israel mengangkat Olmert sebagai Perdana Menteri Sementara yang berlaku mulai tanggal 14 April, kecuali apabila kesehatan Sharon membaik. Pada 14 April Sharon dinyatakan "berhalangan tetap", karena sudah 100 hari ia dirawat di rumah sakit. Dengan demikian Olmert resmi menggantikannya pada hari itu.


Ariel Sharon born Ariel Scheinermann, אריאל שיינרמן‎; February 26, 1928 – January 11, 2014 was an Israeli politician and general who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel until he was incapacitated by a stroke. Sharon was a commander in the Israeli Army from its creation in 1948. As a soldier and then an officer, he participated prominently in the 1948 War of Independence, becoming a platoon commander in the Alexandroni Brigade and taking part in many battles, including Operation Ben Nun Alef. He was an instrumental figure in the creation of Unit 101 and the Reprisal operations, as well as in the 1956 Suez Crisis, the Six-Day War of 1967, the War of Attrition, and the Yom-Kippur War of 1973. As Minister of Defense, he directed the 1982 Lebanon War. Sharon was considered the greatest field commander in Israel's history, and one of the country's greatest military strategists. After his assault of the Sinai in the Six-Day War and his encirclement of the Egyptian Third Army in the Yom Kippur War, the Israeli public nicknamed him "The King of Israel".

Upon retirement from the military, Sharon entered politics, joining the Likud, and served in a number of ministerial posts in Likud-led governments from 1977–92 and 1996–99. He became the leader of the Likud in 2000, and served as Israel's prime minister from 2001 to 2006. In 1983 the Kahan Commission, established by the Israeli Government, found that as Minister of Defense during the 1982 Lebanon War Sharon bore "personal responsibility" "for ignoring the danger of bloodshed and revenge" in the massacre by Lebanese militias of Palestinian civilians in the refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila. The Kahan Commission recommended Sharon's removal as Defense Minister, and Sharon did resign after initially refusing to do so.

From the 1970s through to the 1990s, Sharon championed construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. However, as Prime Minister, in 2004–05 Sharon orchestrated Israel's unilateral disengagement from the Gaza Strip. Facing stiff opposition to this policy within the Likud, in November 2005 he left Likud to form a new party, Kadima. He had been expected to win the next election and was widely interpreted as planning on "clearing Israel out of most of the West Bank", in a series of unilateral withdrawals. After suffering a stroke on January 4, 2006, Sharon remained in a permanent vegetative state until his death in January 2014.

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Biografi Benjamin Netanyahu PM Negara Israel

Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (Ibrani:Tentang suara ini בִּנְיָמִין "בִּיבִּי" נְתַנְיָהוּ (bantuan·info), bahasa Arab: بنيامين نتنياهو, Binyyameen Natayahu; lahir di Tel Aviv, Israel, 21 Oktober 1949; umur 65 tahun) adalah Perdana Menteri Israel. Ia menjabat juga sebagai Ketua Partai Likud, sebagai anggota Knesset, sebagai Menteri Kesehatan Israel, sebagai Menteri Urusan Pensiunan Israel, dan sebagai Strategi Ekonomi Menteri Israel.

Netanyahu adalah menteri pertama dan satu-satunya Perdana Menteri Israel yang lahir di Israel setelah fondasi Negara Israel. Netanyahu bergabung dengan Angkatan Pertahanan Israel pada tahun 1967 di mana ia menjabat sebagai komandan di unit komando elit yaitu Sayeret Matkal, mengambil bagian dalam berbagai misi termasuk misi penyelamatan sandera dari Sabena Penerbangan 571 dibajak pada tahun 1972 (kebetulan di bawah pimpinan Ehud Barak).

Dia berjuang di Perang Yom Kippur pada tahun 1973 dan mencapai pangkat kapten sebelum habis. Netanyahu menjabat sebagai Duta Besar Israel untuk Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa 1984-1988, anggota Partai Likud, dan Perdana Menteri dari bulan Juni 1996 sampai Juli 1999. Netanyahu Menteri Luar Negeri (2002-2003) dan Menteri Keuangan (2003-Agustus 2005) di pemerintah Ariel Sharon, tapi ia berangkat dari perbedaan pendapat mengenai rencana perpisahan jalur Gaza. Dia merebut kembali kepemimpinan Likud pada tanggal 20 Desember 2005.

Pada pemilu 2006, Likud tidak buruk, memenangkan dua belas kursi. Pada bulan Desember 2006, Netanyahu menjadi pejabat Pemimpin Oposisi di Knesset dan Ketua Partai Likud. Pada bulan Agustus 2007, ia mempertahankan kepemimpinan Likud dengan mengalahkan Moshe Feiglin dalam pemilihan partai.[3] Setelah pemilihan parlemen 10 Februari 2009, dimana Likud ditempatkan pihak kedua dan sayap kanan memenangkan mayoritas,[4] Netanyahu membentuk pemerintahan koalisi.

Dia adalah saudara Komandan Pasukan Khusus Israel Yonatan Netanyahu, yang meninggal selama misi penyelamatan sandera, dan Ido Netanyahu, seorang penulis Israel dan dramawan. Pada tahun 2010, majalah Inggris New Statesman terdaftar Benjamin Netanyahu di 11 dalam daftar "50 Dunia Angka Paling Berpengaruh 2010".


Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (Hebrew:About this sound בנימין "ביבי" נתניהו (help·info); born 21 October 1949) is the current Prime Minister of Israel. He also currently serves as a member of the Knesset, Chairman of the Likud party and Minister of Public Diplomacy and Diaspora Affairs. Born in Tel Aviv to secular Jewish parents, Netanyahu is the first Israeli prime minister born in Israel after the establishment of the state. Netanyahu joined the Israel Defense Forces during the Six-Day War in 1967 and became a team leader in the Sayeret Matkal special forces unit. He took part in many missions, including Operation Inferno (1968), Operation Gift (1968) and Operation Isotope (1972), during which he was shot in the shoulder.

He fought on the front lines in the War of Attrition and the Yom Kippur War in 1973, taking part in special forces raids along the Suez Canal, and then leading a commando assault deep into Syrian territory.[3] He was wounded in combat twice.[4] He achieved the rank of captain before being discharged. Netanyahu served as the Israeli ambassador to the United Nations from 1984 to 1988, as a member of the Likud party, and was Prime Minister from June 1996 to July 1999. He moved from the political arena to the private sector after being defeated in the 1999 election for Prime Minister by Ehud Barak.

Netanyahu returned to politics in 2002 as Foreign Affairs Minister (2002–2003) and Finance Minister (2003–2005) in Ariel Sharon's governments, but he departed the government over disagreements regarding the Gaza disengagement plan. He retook the Likud leadership in December 2005, after Sharon left to form a new party, Kadima.[5] In the 2006 election, Likud did poorly, winning 12 seats.[6] In December 2006, Netanyahu became the official Leader of the Opposition in the Knesset and Chairman of Likud. In 2007, he retained the Likud leadership by beating Moshe Feiglin in party elections.

Following the 2009 parliamentary election, in which Likud placed second and right-wing parties won a majority,[8] Netanyahu formed a coalition government.[9][10] After the victory in the 2013 elections, he became the second person to be elected to the position of Prime Minister for a third term, after Israel's founder David Ben-Gurion. In 2012, Netanyahu was listed 23rd on the Forbes magazine's list of "The World's Most Powerful People."[11] In 2014, he was ranked third on the list of the "Most Influential Jews in the World" by The Jerusalem Post. He had been ranked first on the list in 2012 and 2010.

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Biografi Golda Meir Perdana Menteri Ke-4 Israel

Golda Meir (lahir Golda Mabovitz; pada lahir 3 Mei 1898 – meninggal 8 Desember 1978 pada umur 80 tahun) adalah salah seorang pendiri negara Israel. Meir pernah menjabat sebagai Menteri Perburuhan, Menteri Luar Negeri, dan Perdana Menteri keempat Israel pada periode 17 Maret 1969 - 3 Juni 1974. Sebagaimana dikatakan oleh BBC, Golda Meir adalah "Wanita Besi" dalam politik Israel jauh sebelum ungkapan itu diciptakan untuk Margaret Thatcher. David Ben-Gurion pernah menggambarkannya sebagai "satu-satunya lelaki di dalam Kabinet (Israel)." Ia adalah perempuan pertama (dan hingga kini satu-satunya) yang menjadi Perdana Menteri Israel, dan PM perempuan ketiga di dunia.

Meir lahir dengan nama Golda Mabovitch, di Kiev, Imperium Rusia (kini Ukraina), dari pasangan Blume Naiditch dan Moshe Mabovitz. Ia menulis dalam otobiografinya bahwa kenangan yang paling awal ialah tentang ayahnya yang melapisi pintu depan rumahnya ketika mendengar desas-desus tentang akan segera terjadinya pogrom. Kondisi kehidupan di Daerah Pemukiman sangat berat. Ia dan kedua saudara perempuannya (Sheyna dan Tzipke) seringkali kelaparan dan kedinginan. Kelima saudaranya yang lain telah meninggal dunia di masa kecil mereka. Gola khususnya sangat menghormati Sheyna. Ayahnya pergi ke Amerika Serikat pada 1903, sementara sisa keluarganya menetap di Pinsk. Kakak Gola tertua terlibat dalam kegiatan revolusioner Zionis, yang membahayakannya. Hal itu sangat mengesankan Golda yang masih muda, namun seluruh keluarganya didorong untuk mengikuti jejak Moshe ke Amerika Serikat pada 1906.

Setelah Levi Eshkol meninggal dunia secara tiba-tiba pada 26 Februari 1969, partai memilih Meir untuk menggantikannya sebagai Perdana Menteri. Meir kembali aktif berdinas pada 17 Maret dan menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri hingga 1974. Ketika Meir naik ke kursi Perdana Menteri, Israel diliputi oleh rasa percaya diri, karena baru menang telak atas negara-negara Arab dan merebut banyak wilayah dalam Perang Enam Hari. Namun, Meir harus menghadapi tembakan terus-menerus oleh Mesir terhadap pasukan-pasukan Israel di sepanjang Terusan Suez dalam Perang Perlahan-lahan.

Setelah Perang Yom Kippur 1973, pemerintahan Meir terganggu oleh pertikaian intern di antara partai-partai koalisi yang berkuasa dan harus menghadapi pertanyaan-pertanyaan serius tentang kekeliruan penilaian yang strategis serta kurangnya kepemimpinan umum yang menyebabkan ketidaksiapan pada permulaan Perang Yom Kippur. Pada 11 April 1974, Golda Meir mengundurkan diri sebagai Perdana Menteri dan digantikan oleh Yitzhak Rabin pada 3 Juni 1974. Pada 8 Desember 1978, Golda Meir meninggal karena kanker di Yerusalem pada usia 80 tahun. ia dimakamkan di Bukit Herzl, di Yerusalem.


Golda Meir (earlier Golda Meyerson, born Golda Mabovitch, Голда Мабович; May 3, 1898 – December 8, 1978) was an Israeli teacher, kibbutznik, politician and the fourth Prime Minister of Israel. Meir was elected Prime Minister of Israel on March 17, 1969, after serving as Minister of Labour and Foreign Minister.[3] Israel's first and the world's fourth woman to hold such an office, she was described as the "Iron Lady" of Israeli politics years before the epithet became associated with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.[4] Former Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion used to call Meir "the best man in the government"; she was often portrayed as the "strong-willed, straight-talking, grey-bunned grandmother of the Jewish people". Meir resigned as prime minister in 1974, the year following the Yom Kippur War. She died in 1978 of lymphoma.

Golda Mabovitch (Ukrainian: Ґольда Мабович) was born on May 3, 1898, in Kiev, Russian Empire, present-day Ukraine, to Blume Neiditch (died 1951) and Moshe Mabovitch (died 1944), a carpenter. Meir wrote in her autobiography that her earliest memories were of her father boarding up the front door in response to rumours of an imminent pogrom. She had two sisters, Sheyna (died 1972) and Tzipke (died 1981), as well as five other siblings who died in childhood. She was especially close to Sheyna. Moshe Mabovitch left to find work in New York City in 1903. In his absence, the rest of the family moved to Pinsk to join her mother's family. In 1905, Moshe moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in search of higher-paying work and found employment in the workshops of the local railroad yard. The following year, he had saved up enough money to bring his family to the United States.

Blume ran a grocery store on Milwaukee's north side, where by age eight Golda had been put in charge of watching the store when her mother went to the market for supplies. Golda attended the Fourth Street Grade School (now Golda Meir School) from 1906 to 1912. A leader early on, she organised a fund raiser to pay for her classmates' textbooks. After forming the American Young Sisters Society, she rented a hall and scheduled a public meeting for the event. She went on to graduate as valedictorian of her class, despite not knowing English at the beginning of her schooling.

At 14, she studied at North Division High School and worked part-time. Her mother wanted her to leave school and marry, but she demurred. She bought a train ticket to Denver, Colorado, and went to live with her married sister, Sheyna Korngold. The Korngolds held intellectual evenings at their home, where Meir was exposed to debates on Zionism, literature, women's suffrage, trade unionism, and more. In her autobiography, she wrote: "To the extent that my own future convictions were shaped and given form [...] those talk-filled nights in Denver played a considerable role." In Denver, she also met Morris Meyerson (December 17, 1893 – May 25, 1951), a sign painter, whom she later married on December 24, 1917.

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