Yasuhiro Nakasone Perdana Menteri Jepang

Yasuhiro Nakasone (中曽根 康弘 Nakasone Yasuhiro, lahir 27 Mei 1918; umur 100 tahun) adalah seorang politikus Jepang yang pernah menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri Jepang dari 27 November 1982 sampai 6 November 1987. Seorang pejabat yang sezaman dengan Ronald Reagan, Helmut Kohl, François Mitterrand, Margaret Thatcher, dan Mikhail Gorbachev, dia adalah yang terbaik dikenal untuk mendorong privatisasi BUMN, dan untuk membantu menghidupkan kembali nasionalisme Jepang selama dan setelah masa jabatannya sebagai perdana menteri. Nakasone saat ini adalah mantan perdana menteri Jepang tertua yang masih hidup. Nakasone lahir di Takasaki, Gunma, ayahnya adalah seorang pedagang kayu. Ia kuliah di Universitas Tokyo. Selama Perang Dunia II, ia adalah seorang perwira dan juru bayar di Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang.

Pada tahun 1982, Nakasone menjadi Perdana Menteri. Bersama dengan Menteri Luar Negeri, Shintaro Abe, Nakasone meningkatkan hubungan diplomatik Jepang dengan Uni Soviet dan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. Nakasone terkenal karena hubungan dekatnya dengan Presiden AS, Ronald Reagan, populer disebut dengan persahabatan "Ron-Yasu". Dia juga mengunjungi Presiden Corazon Aquino dalam serangkaian pembicaraan antara Filipina dan Jepang selama kunjungan kenegaraan khusus 1986-1987, untuk menyediakan hubungan ekonomi dan perdagangan yang baik, investor besar dan kedatangan wisatawan, dan program-program pembangunan dan rehabilitasi. Dalam kebijakan domestik, kebijakan Nakasone yang paling dikenal adalah inisiatif privatisasi, yang menyebabkan pecahnya Japan Railways Nasional kedalam Jepang Railways Grup.


Yasuhiro Nakasone (中曽根 康弘 Nakasone Yasuhiro, born 27 May 1918) is a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 27 November 1982 to 6 November 1987. A contemporary of Brian Mulroney, Ronald Reagan, Helmut Kohl, François Mitterrand, Bob Hawke, Margaret Thatcher, Bettino Craxi, Deng Xiaoping, Mikhail Gorbachev and Raúl Alfonsín, he is best known for pushing through the privatization of state-owned companies, and for helping to revitalize Japanese nationalism during and after his term as prime minister. He turned 100 on 27 May 2018. As of 2019, he is the oldest living state leader at the age of 100. Nakasone aroused controversy in September 1986 when he claimed that Americans were, on average, less intelligent than Japanese because: "the US has many immigrants, Puerto Ricans and Blacks, who bring the average level down". He then clarified his comments, stating that he meant to congratulate the US on its economic success despite the presence of "problematic" minorities. In 1987, he was forced to resign after he attempted to introduce a value added tax to reduce the burden of direct taxes in a policy designed to cut the budget deficit.

Nakasone was replaced by Noboru Takeshita in 1987, and was implicated, along with other LDP lawmakers, in the Recruit scandal that broke the following year. On 11 February 1945, Nakasone married Tsutako Nakasone (30 October 1921 – 7 November 2012). Nakasone's son, Hirofumi Nakasone, is also a member of the Diet; he served in the cabinet of Keizō Obuchi as Minister of Education and was Minister of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Tarō Asō. At the age of 100 years, 264 days, Nakasone is currently the oldest living former Japanese prime minister as well as the oldest living former state leader in the world, following the death of Babiker Awadalla on 17 January 2019. Nakasone is the second oldest Prime Minister of Japan by age after Naruhiko Higashikuni who lived to 102 years, 48 days.

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Eiko Ishioka - Costume Desainer dari Jepang

Eiko Ishioka (石岡 瑛子 Ishioka Eiko?, lahir di Tokyo, 12 Juli 1938 – meninggal di Tokyo, 21 Januari 2012 pada umur 73 tahun) adalah seorang penata seni, perancang busana, dan perancang grafis asal Tokyo, Jepang yang dikenal dengan karyanya di panggung, perfilman, periklanan, dan media cetak. Karyanya yang terkenal di antaranya adalah kampanye iklan untuk waralaba toserba dari Jepang Parco, kolaborasi dengan perusahaan pakaian olahraga Descente sebagai perancang seragam dan pakaian untuk tim Swiss, Kanada, Jepang, dan Spanyol pada Olimpiade Musim Dingin 2002 di Salt Lake City, serta sebagai penata busana untuk upacara pembukaan Olimpiade Musim Panas 2008 di Beijing. Dia juga memenangkan Desain Kostum Terbaik dalam Penghargaan Oscar untuk karyanya dalam film Bram Stoker’s Dracula yang disutradarai Francis Ford Coppola dan dinominasikan dalam Penghargaan Oscar untuk kategori yang sama untuk karyanya dalam film Mirror Mirror yang disutradarai oleh Tarsem Singh.

Eiko lahir di Kota Tokyo dari pasangan suami seorang desainer grafis dan istri rumah tangga. Walaupun ayahnya menelurkan minat akan desain grafis kepadanya sejak kecil, ayahnya kurang yakin jika ia mengikuti jejaknya di bisnis tersebut, lantaran kultus dunia desain grafis yang banyak dikerjakan oleh pria. Namun setelah ia lulus dari Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, ia tetap mengikuti ambisi sang ayah. Langkah Eiko di dunia kerja desain grafis dimulai dengan diterimanya ia bekerja di divisi periklanan merek kosmetik Shiseido tahun 1961. Empat tahun kemudian, merek ini meraih penghargaan periklanan tertinggi di Jepang. Karier bagus dalam mengiklankan Shiseido dilirik oleh Tsuji Masuda, pendiri toserba Parco asal Ikebukuro. Dia menjadi direktur utama seni (chief art director) pada tahun 1971.

Karyanya di sana dicatat untuk beberapa kampanye iklan yang menampilkan Faye Dunaway. Pada tahun 1973, pembukaan cabang baru Parco di Shibuya, Tokyo diiklankan Eiko dengan menggandeng Eiko sebagai konseptor iklan. Pada tahun 2003, ia mendesain ulang logo klub bola basket Amerika Serikat Houston Rockets. Pada tahun 1983 sutradara Paul Schrader memilihnya sebagai desainer utama dalam pengerjaan film Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters yang tayang tahun 1985. Karyanya meraih penghargaan khusus sebagai kontribusi artistik terbaik dalam Festival Film Cannes pada tahun tersebut. Eiko kemudian menjalin kerja sama dengan Francis Ford Coppola untuk mendesain poster versi Jepang untuk film Apocalypse Now. Bersama Coppola pula, ia menjadi desainer busana dalam film Dracula yang mengantarkannya pada penghargaan Oscar. Ia juga bekerja sama dengan sutradara Tarsem Singh dalam empat film yang dikerjakan, yatu The Cell, The Fall, Immortals, dan Mirror Mirror.

Eiko juga mengerjakan desain busana untuk pertunukan teater dan sirkus. Pada tahun 1999. ia merancang busana untuk pertunjukan teater Der Ring des Nibelungen karya Richard Wagner yang bertempat di De Nederlandse Opera. Ia juga merancang busana pertunjukan sirkus Cirque du Soleil: Varekai, yang dibuka mulai tahun 2002; dan Pertunjukan musikal Broadway Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark karya Julie Taymor mulai tahun 2011. Ia juga mengarahkan pembuatan video musik penyanyi Björk 2002 dalam lagu "Cocoon" dan merancang busana untuk tur dunia penyanyi Grace Jones pada tahun 2009. Beberapa karyanya terseimpan di beberapa museum di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Museum of Modern Art di Kota New York. Eiko wafat di Tokyo pada 21 Januari 2012. Ia wafat akibat komplikasi kanker pankreas yang dideritanya. Beberapa bulan sebelum wafat, ia menikahi rekan kerjanya Nicholas Soultanakis di rumah sakit tempat ia dirawat.


Eiko Ishioka (石岡 瑛子 Ishioka Eiko, July 12, 1938 – January 21, 2012 (aged 73)) was a Japanese art director, costume and graphic designer known for her work in stage, screen, advertising and print media. Noted for her advertising campaigns for the Japanese boutique chain Parco, her collaboration with sportswear company Descente in designing uniforms and outerwear for members of the Swiss, Canadian, Japanese and Spanish teams at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City[3] and was the director of costume design for the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design for her work in Francis Ford Coppola's 1992 film Bram Stoker’s Dracula and was posthumously nominated for an Academy Award in the same category for her work in Tarsem Singh’s 2012 film Mirror Mirror.

In 1985 director Paul Schrader chose her to be the production designer for his 1985 film Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters. Her work went on to win her a special award for artistic contribution at the Cannes Film Festival that year. Eiko's work with Francis Ford Coppola on the poster for the Japanese release of Apocalypse Now led to their later collaboration in Coppola's Dracula which earned Eiko an Academy Award. She has also worked on four of Tarsem Singh's films beginning with the Jennifer Lopez starrer The Cell in 2000 and including The Fall, Immortals and Mirror Mirror.

She has also done costume design for theater and circus. In 1999 she designed costumes for Richard Wagner’s Der Ring des Nibelungen at the Dutch Opera. She designed costumes for Cirque du Soleil: Varekai, which premiered in 2002 as well as for Julie Taymor's Broadway musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark, which premiered in 2011. She also directed the music video for Björk's "Cocoon" in 2002 and designed costumes for the "Hurricane" tour of singer Grace Jones in 2009. Ishioka's work is included in the permanent collection of museums throughout the world, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

Eiko won a Grammy Award for her artwork for Miles Davis' album Tutu in 1987 and an Academy Award for Best Costume Design for Bram Stoker's Dracula in 1992. She also received two Tony Award nominations in 1988 for the stage and costume design of the Broadway play M. Butterfly. In 2012, she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design for Mirror Mirror and won the Costume Designers Guild Award for Excellence In Fantasy Film. In 1992 she was selected to be a member of the New York Art Directors Club Hall of Fame. On July 12th, 2017, Google showed a Doodle for her 79th Birthday. Ishioka died of pancreatic cancer in Tokyo, Japan on January 21, 2012. She married her companion Nicholas Soultanakis in hospital a few months before her death.

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Biografi Hirohito Kaisar Showa Jepang ke-124

Hirohito (裕仁), atau yang dikenal sebagai Kaisar Showa (昭和天皇, Shōwa-tennō) (lahir di Puri Aoyama, Tokyo, Jepang, 29 April 1901 – meninggal di Tempat Fukiage, Tokyo, 7 Januari 1989 pada umur 87 tahun) adalah kaisar Jepang yang ke-124. Dalam sejarah Jepang dia adalah Kaisar terlama yang memerintah (1926-1989) dan merupakan salah satu tokoh penting pada masa Perang Dunia II dan pembangunan kembali Jepang.

Hirohito dilahirkan di Puri Aoyama, Tokyo pada tanggal 29 April 1901. anak pertama dari Kaisar Yoshihito (Taisho) dan Ratu Sadako (Teimei), dan kakak dari Pangeran Yasuhito Chichibu (1903-1953), Pangeran Nobuhito Takamatsu (1905-1987) serta Pangeran Takahito Mikasa (1915- ). Sebelum naik takhta ia dikenal sebagai Pangeran Michi (迪宮, Michi-no-Miya). Masa kekuasaannya sebagai kaisar dikenal sebagai era Showa yang berarti damai, cerah budi. Namun ironisnya, justru pada saat itu, Jepang terlibat perang melawan RRC dan akhirnya dalam Perang Dunia II. Di Indonesia, ketika masa pendudukan Jepang (1942-1945) Hirohito dikenal sebagai Tenno Heika yang berarti "Yang Mulia Kaisar".

Hirohito mengenyam pendidikan awal di Gakushuin Peer's School dari April 1908 hingga April 1914, kemudian mendapatkan pendidikan khusus untuk putra mahkota (Togu-gogakumonsho) di Istana Akasaka dari tahun 1914 sampai Februari 1921. Mendapatkan karier sebagai letnan and sub-lieutnant (1st class) 9 Desember, 1912 pada Angkatan Darat Kekaisaran, kapten dan letnan (31 Oktober 1916, mayor dan wakil komandan (31 Oktober 1920) letnan kolonel dan komandan (31 Oktober1923) dan kolonel dan komandan Angkatan Laut Kekasairan (Kaigun) (31 Oktober 1924). Ia diangkat menjadi putra mahkota secara resmi pada tanggal 16 November 1916. Pada tahun 1922 ia mengadakan kunjungan ke Inggris dan sejumlah negara negara Eropa. Kunjungan ini dianggap kelompok sayap kanan kontroversial sehingga menewaskan Perdana Menteri Hamaguchi.

Hirohito memiliki pengetahuan tentang penelitian biologi laut dan beberapa hasil penelitiannya dituangkan dalam sejumlah buku di antaranya The Opisthobranchia of Sagami Bay dan Some Hydrozoans of the Amakusa Islands. Ia dinobatkan menjadi kaisar pada tanggal 25 Desember 1926 setelah ayahnya Kaisar Taisho meninggal, dilantik secara resmi 10 November, 1928, di Kyoto. Kaisar Hirohito meninggal pada tanggal 7 Januari 1989 akibat penyakit kanker usus dua belas jari (duodenum) yang dideritanya. Pemakaman kenegaraannya dihadiri oleh para pemimpin dunia di antaranya Presiden Amerika Serikat George Bush, Presiden Perancis Francois Mitterand, HRH Duke of Edinburgh dari Inggris, dan Raja HM Baudouin dari Belgia, pada tanggal 24 Februari 1989. Jenazahnya dimakamkan di Mausoleum Kekaisaran Musashino, di samping makam Kaisar Taisho. Kedudukannya digantikan oleh Putra Mahkota Akihito.


Emperor Shōwa (昭和天皇 Shōwa-tennō?, April 29, 1901 – January 7, 1989) was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order, reigning from December 25, 1926, until his death on January 7, 1989. Although better known outside of Japan by his personal name Hirohito (裕仁?), in Japan, he is now referred to primarily by his posthumous name Emperor Shōwa. The word Shōwa is the name of the era that corresponded with the Emperor's reign, and was made the Emperor's own name upon his death. In Japanese, the reigning Emperor is referred to without a personal name as "his Majesty the Emperor" (天皇陛下 Tennō Heika?) or "his current Majesty" (今上陛下 Kinjō Heika?). The name Hirohito (裕仁) means "abundant benevolence".

At the start of his reign, Japan was already one of the great powers — the ninth-largest economy in the world after Italy, the third-largest naval power, and one of the four permanent members of the council of the League of Nations. He was the head of state under the limitation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan during Japan's imperial expansion, militarization, and involvement in World War II. After the war, he was not prosecuted for war crimes as many other leading government figures were, and his degree of involvement in wartime decisions remains controversial among historians as of 1997. During the postwar period, he became the symbol of the new state and Japan's recovery, and by the end of his reign, Japan had emerged as the world's second largest economy.

On September 22, 1987, the Emperor underwent surgery on his pancreas after having digestive problems for several months. The doctors discovered that he had duodenal cancer. The Emperor appeared to be making a full recovery for several months after the surgery. About a year later, however, on September 19, 1988, he collapsed in his palace, and his health worsened over the next several months as he suffered from continuous internal bleeding. On January 7, 1989, at 7:55 AM, the grand steward of Japan's Imperial Household Agency, Shoichi Fujimori, officially announced the death of Emperor Hirohito, and revealed details about his cancer for the first time. Hirohito was survived by his wife, his five surviving children, ten grandchildren and one great-grandchild.

The Emperor was succeeded by his son, the current Emperor Akihito, who formally acceded to the throne on November 12, 1990. The Emperor's death ended the Shōwa era. On the same day a new era began: the Heisei era, effective at midnight the following day. From January 7, until January 31, the Emperor's formal appellation was Taikō Tennō (大行天皇?, "Departed Emperor"). His definitive posthumous name, Shōwa Tennō (昭和天皇?), was determined on January 13 and formally released on January 31 by Toshiki Kaifu, the prime minister.

On February 24, Emperor Hirohito's state funeral was held, and unlike that of his predecessor, it was formal but not conducted in a strictly Shinto manner. A large number of world leaders attended the funeral, including King Juan Carlos I of Spain, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, King Baudouin of Belgium, King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King Hussein of Jordan, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan, Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg, Secretary-General of the United Nations Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Managing Director of the IMF Michel Camdessus, Secretaries-General of the OECD Jean-Claude Paye, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, French President François Mitterrand, Filipino President Corazon Aquino, Indonesia President Suharto, Prince Consort of Denmark, The Duke of Edinburgh, Crown Prince of Norway, Crown Prince of Thailand, and many others. Emperor Hirohito is buried in the Imperial mausoleum in Hachiōji, alongside Emperor Taishō, his father.

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