Kim Jong-un Pemimpin Tertinggi Korea Utara

Kim Jong-un lahir 8 Januari 1983; umur 36 tahun juga diromanisasikan sebagai Kim Jong-eun, Kim Jong Un atau Kim Jung-eun adalah Pemimpin Tertinggi Republik Demokratik Rakyat Korea, atau yang lebih dikenal dengan Korea Utara. Ia adalah putra Kim Jong-il (1941–2011) dan cucu dari Kim Il-sung (1912–1994). Sebelum menjadi pemimpin Korea Utara, ia pernah menjabat sebagai Sekretaris Pertama Partai Buruh Korea, Ketua Pertama Komisi Militer Sentral, Panglima Tertinggi Tentara Rakyat Korea, dan anggota presidium Politbiro Partai Buruh Korea. Ia secara resmi dinyatakan sebagai pemimpin tertinggi Korea Utara setelah pemakaman kenegaraan ayahnya pada tanggal 28 Desember 2011.

Kim Jong-un adalah putra ketiga sekaligus putra bungsu Kim Jong-il dengan salah seorang istrinya, Ko Young-hee. Sejak akhir 2010, ia dianggap sebagai pewaris kepemimpinan Korea Utara, dan setelah kematian ayahnya, ia dinyatakan sebagai "Penerus Agung" oleh stasiun televisi Korea Utara. Setelah kematian Kim Jong-il, Ketua Majelis Rakyat Tertinggi Korea Utara, Kim Yong-nam, menyatakan bahwa "Kim Jong-un adalah pemimpin tertinggi partai, militer, dan negara kita, yang mewarisi ideologi, kepemimpinan, karakter, kebajikan, ketabahan, dan keberanian Kim Jong-il". Pada tanggal 30 Desember 2011, Politbiro Partai Buruh Korea secara resmi menunjuk Kim Jong-un sebagai Panglima Tertinggi Tentara Rakyat Korea.

Pada 11 April 2012, Konferensi Partai ke-4 memilihnya sebagai Sekretaris Pertama Partai Buruh Korea. Pangkatnya dipromosikan menjadi Marsekal Tentara Rakyat Korea pada tanggal 18 Juli 2012, yang mengukuhkan posisinya sebagai panglima tertinggi angkatan bersenjata. Kim telah meraih dua gelar, yakni di bidang fisika dari Universitas Kim Il-sung, dan satu lagi sebagai perwira angkatan bersenjata dari Universitas Militer Kim Il-sung. Berusia 36 tahun, ia adalah kepala negara termuda di dunia pada saat ini.

Ayahnya Kim Jong-il (menurut versi resmi biografinya lahir 16 Februari 1942 – meninggal 17 Desember 2011 pada umur 69 tahun) telah menjabat sebagai pemimpin Korea Utara (Korut) sejak 1994. Ia menggantikan ayahnya, Kim Il-sung, yang telah memimpin Korut sejak 1948. Kim Jong-il diangkat menggunakan sistem di mana dialah satu-satunya calon pemimpin. Kim yang mendapat julukan Dear Leader juga menjabat sebagai Ketua Komisi Pertahanan Nasional dan Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Pekerja Korea. Ulang tahunnya dirayakan sebagai salah satu hari libur di Korut.

Kakeknya Kim Il-sung (lahir 15 April 1912 – meninggal 8 Juli 1994 pada umur 82 tahun) adalah seorang politikus berhaluan komunis dari Korea yang memimpin Korea Utara sejak 1948 hingga hari kematiannya. Ia menjabat sebagai perdana menteri pada tahun 1948-1972 dan presiden pada tahun 1972-1994, tetapi posisinya yang paling berpengaruh adalah Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Buruh Korea. Dalam konteks pemujaan kepribadian, Kim secara resmi disebut sebagai Pemimpin Besar dan menurut Konstitusi Korea Utara, ia adalah Presiden Abadi negara tersebut. Hari ulang tahunnya merupakan salah satu hari libur di Korea Utara.

Kim Yong Nam (lahir 4 Februari 1928; umur 91 tahun) adalah seorang politikus Korea Utara yang menjabat sebagai Ketua Presidium Majelis Rakyat Agung sejak 5 September 1998. Oleh karena posisi tersebut merangkap sebagai duta besar, Kim Yong Nam juga dapat dipandang sebagai kepala negara secara de facto.


Kim Jong-un (officially transcribed Kim Jong Un; Chosŏn'gŭl: 김정은; Korean pronunciation: [kim.dzɔŋ.ɯn]; born 8 January 1984) is a North Korean politician serving as Supreme Leader of North Korea since 2011 and the Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea since 2012. Kim is the second child of Kim Jong-il (1941–2011) and Ko Yong-hui (1952–2004). The grandson of Kim Il-sung, the first leader of North Korea from 1948 to 1994, he is the first North Korean leader to have been born after the country's founding. From late 2010, Kim Jong-un was viewed as heir apparent to the leadership of the DPRK, and following the elder Kim's death, he was announced as the "Great Successor" by North Korean state television.

Kim holds the titles of Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea (as First Secretary between 2012 and 2016), Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Chairman of the State Affairs Commission, Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army,and member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea, the highest decision-making body in North Korea. Kim was promoted to the rank of Marshal of North Korea in the Korean People's Army on 18 July 2012, consolidating his position as he Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and is often referred to as Marshal Kim Jong-un, "the Marshal" or "Dear Respected" by state media.

Kim obtained two degrees, one in physics at Kim Il-sung University, and another as an Army officer at the Kim Il-sung Military University. Forbes magazine ranked Kim the 46th most powerful person in the world in 2013 and the third highest amongst Koreans after Ban Ki-moon and Lee Kun-hee. On 12 December 2013, North Korean news outlets reported that Kim Jong-un had ordered the execution of his uncle Jang Song-thaek due to "treachery". On 9 March 2014, Kim was elected unopposed to the Supreme People's Assembly. He is widely believed to have ordered the assassination of his half-brother, Kim Jong-nam, in Malaysia in February 2017.

Despite tense relations, North Korea agreed to participate in the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. Following the Olympics, Kim Jong-un and President Moon Jae-in conducted the April 2018 inter-Korean summit, marking the first time since the end of the Korean War in 1953 that a North Korean leader entered the South's territory. On 12 June 2018, Kim Jong-un and US President Donald Trump met for a summit in Singapore, the first-ever talks held between a North Korean leader and a sitting US President, to discuss the North Korean nuclear program.

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Biografi Kim Jong-il - Pemimpin Korea Utara

Kim Jong-il (menurut versi resmi biografinya lahir 16 Februari 1942 – meninggal 17 Desember 2011 pada umur 69 tahun) telah menjabat sebagai pemimpin Korea Utara (Korut) sejak 1994. Ia menggantikan ayahnya, Kim Il-sung, yang telah memimpin Korut sejak 1948. Kim Jong-il diangkat menggunakan sistem di mana dialah satu-satunya calon pemimpin. Kim yang mendapat julukan Dear Leader juga menjabat sebagai Ketua Komisi Pertahanan Nasional dan Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Pekerja Korea. Ulang tahunnya dirayakan sebagai salah satu hari libur di Korut.

Pada tanggal 19 Desember 2011, kantor berita Reuters memberitakan bahwa Kim Jong-il meninggal dunia pada hari Sabtu, 17 Desember 2011 dalam sebuah perjalanan dengan kereta api. Diumumkan bahwa pemimpin berusia 69 tahun itu meninggal karena kelelahan fisik dan mental setelah bekerja terlalu keras untuk memberi "bimbingan di lapangan". Ia dimakamkan di Istana Pemakaman Kumsusan, Pyongyang. Untuk mengenang jasa-jasanya, pada tanggal 15 Februari 2012, ia dianugerahi gelar tertinggi sebagai "Jenderal Besar". Penobatan Kim sebagai "Jenderal Besar" diumumkan sehari setelah peresmian patung Kim sedang mengendarai kuda di samping ayahnya yang juga pendiri negara Korea Utara, Kim Il Sung, di Pyongyang.

Kim Jong-Il adalah anak dari Kim Il-sung dan Kim Jong Suk. Dia memiliki seorang adik perempuan bernama Kim Kyong Hui yang menikah dengan Chang Sung Taek. Kim Jong-Il memiliki empat istri, yaitu Song Hye-rim, seorang artis Korea Utara terkenal; Kim Young-suk; Ko Young-hee, artis penari etnis Korea kelahiran Jepang; dan Kim Ok. Kim Jong-Il memiliki empat orang anak, yaitu Kim Jong Nam (dari Song Hye-rim), Kim Sul-song (dari Kim Young-suk), serta Kim Jong Chul dan Kim Jong-un (keduanya dari Ko Young-hee).


Kim Jong-il (Korean pronunciation: [16 February 1941 – 17 December 2011) was the Supreme Leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, commonly referred to as North Korea, from 1994 to 2011. He succeeded his father and founder of the DPRK, Kim Il-sung, following the elder Kim's death in 1994. Kim Jong-il was the General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea, and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army, the fourth-largest standing army in the world.

In April 2009, North Korea's constitution was amended to officially refer to him (and his later successors) as the "Supreme Leader of the DPRK". The most common colloquial title given to him during his reign was "The Dear Leader" (친애하는 지도자) to distinguish him from his father Kim Il-sung, "The Great Leader". The North Korean government announced his death on 19 December 2011, whereupon his third son, Kim Jong-un, was promoted to a senior position in the ruling Workers' Party and succeeded him. After his death, he was designated as the "Eternal General Secretary" of the Worker's Party of Korea and the Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission, in keeping with the tradition of establishing eternal posts for the dead members of the Kim dynasty.

Soviet records show that Kim was born Yuri Irsenovich Kim in the village of Vyatskoye, near Khabarovsk, in 1941, where his father, Kim Il-sung, commanded the 1st Battalion of the Soviet 88th Brigade, made up of Chinese and Korean exiles. Kim Jong-il's mother, Kim Jong-suk, was Kim Il-sung's first wife. Inside his family, he was nicknamed Yura, while his younger brother Kim Man-il (born Alexander Irsenovich Kim) was nicknamed Shura.

However, Kim Jong-il's official biography states he was born in a secret military camp on Baekdu Mountain (Korean: 백두산밀영고향집) in Japanese-occupied Korea on 16 February 1942. Official biographers claim that his birth at Baekdu Mountain was foretold by a swallow, and heralded by the appearance of a double rainbow across the sky over the mountain and a new star in the heavens. According to one comrade of Kim's mother, Lee Min, word of Kim's birth first reached an army camp in Vyatskoye via radio and that both Kim and his mother did not return there until the following year.

In 1945, Kim was four years old when World War II ended and Korea regained independence from Japan. His father returned to Pyongyang that September, and in late November Kim returned to Korea via a Soviet ship, landing at Sonbong (선봉군, also Unggi). The family moved into a former Japanese officer's mansion in Pyongyang, with a garden and pool. Kim Jong-il's brother drowned there in 1948. Unconfirmed reports suggest that five-year-old Kim Jong-il might have caused the accident. Reports indicate that his mother died in childbirth in 1949, however, unconfirmed reports suggest that his mother might have been shot and left to bleed to death.

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