Muhammad Iqbal (lahir di Sialkot, Punjab, India, 9 November 1877 – meninggal di Lahore, 21 April 1938 pada umur 60 tahun), dikenal juga sebagai Allama Iqbal (Urdu: علامہ اقبال), adalah seorang penyair, politisi, dan filsuf besar abad ke-20. Ia dianggap sebagai salah satu tokoh paling penting dalam sastra Urdu, dengan karya sastra yang ditulis baik dalam bahasa Urdu maupun Persia. Iqbal dikagumi sebagai penyair klasik menonjol oleh sarjana-sarjana sastra dari Pakistan, India, maupun secara internasional. Meskipun Iqbal dikenal sebagai penyair yang menonjol, ia juga dianggap sebagai "pemikir filosofis Muslim di masa modern". Buku puisi pertamanya, Asrar-e-Khudi, juga buku puisi lainnya termasuk Rumuz-i-Bekhudi, Payam-i-Mashriq dan Zabur-i-Ajam;; dicetak dalam bahasa Persia pada 1915. Di antara karya-karyanya, Bang-i-Dara, Bal-i-Jibril, Zarb-i Kalim dan bagian dari Armughan-e-Hijaz merupakan karya Urdu-nya yang paling dikenal. Bersama puisi Urdu dan Persia-nya, berbagai kuliah dan surat dalam bahasa Urdu dan Bahasa Inggris-nya telah memberikan pengaruh yang sangat besar pada perselisihan budaya, sosial, religius dan politik selama bertahun-tahun. Pada 1922, ia diberi gelar bangsawan oleh Raja George V, dan memberinya titel "Sir". Ketika mempelajari hukum dan filsafat di Inggris, Iqbal menjadi anggota "All India Muslim League" cabang London. Kemudian dalam salah satu ceramahnya yang paling terkenal, Iqbal mendorong pembentukan negara Muslim di Barat Daya India. Ceramah ini diutarakan pada ceramah kepresidenannya di Liga pada sesi Desember 1930. Saat itu ia memiliki hubungan yang sangat dekat dengan Quid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
Iqbal dikenal sebagai Shair-e-Mushriq (Urdu: شاعر مشرق) yang berarti "Penyair dari Timur". Ia juga disebut sebagai Muffakir-e-Pakistan ("The Inceptor of Pakistan") dan Hakeem-ul-Ummat ("The Sage of the Ummah"). Di Iran dan Afganistan ia terkenal sebagai Iqbāl-e Lāhorī (اقبال لاهوری "Iqbal dari Lahore"), dan sangat dihargai atas karya-karya berbahasa Persia-nya. Pemerintah Pakistan menghargainya sebagai "penyair nasional", hingga hari ulang tahunnya (یوم ولادت محمد اقبال – Yōm-e Welādat-e Muḥammad Iqbāl) merupakan hari libur di Pakistan.
Sir Muhammad Iqbal (9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938), widely known as Allama Iqbal (علامہ اقبال), was an academic, philosopher, poet, barrister, mystic and politician in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement. He is considered one of the most important figures in Urdu literature, with literary work in both the Urdu and Persian languages. His grandparents were Kashmiri Pandits, the Brahmins of the Sapru clan from Kashmir who converted to Islam. Iqbal often mentioned and commemorated about his Kashmiri Pandit Brahmin lineage in his writings.
Iqbal is admired as a prominent classical poet by Pakistani, Indian, Iranian, and other international scholars of literature. Though Iqbal is best known as an eminent poet, he is also a highly acclaimed "Muslim philosophical thinker of modern times". His first poetry book, Asrar-e-Khudi, appeared in the Persian language in 1915, and other books of poetry include Rumuz-i-Bekhudi, Payam-i-Mashriq and Zabur-i-Ajam. Amongst these his best known Urdu works are Bang-i-Dara, Bal-i-Jibril, Zarb-i Kalim and a part of Armughan-e-Hijaz. In Iran and Afghanistan, he is famous as Iqbāl-e Lāhorī (اقبال لاهوری) (Iqbal of Lahore), and his poetry enjoys immense popularity among the masses, as well as strong support from ideologues of the Iranian Revolution. Along with his Urdu and Persian poetry, his various Urdu and English lectures and letters have been very influential in cultural, social, religious and political disputes over the years.
In 1922, he was knighted by King George V, giving him the title "Sir". While studying law and philosophy in England, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All-India Muslim League. Later, in one of his most famous speeches, Iqbal pushed for the creation of a Muslim state in Northwest India. This took place in his presidential speech in the League's December 1930 session. In much of Southern Asia and Urdu speaking world, Iqbal is regarded as the Shair-e-Mashriq (شاعر مشرق, "Poet of the East"). He is also called Mufakkir-e-Pakistan (مفکر پاکستان, "The Thinker of Pakistan") and Hakeem-ul-Ummat (حکیم الامت, "The Sage of the Ummah"). The Pakistan government officially named him a "national poet". His birthday Yōm-e Welādat-e Muḥammad Iqbāl (یوم ولادت محمد اقبال) or (Iqbal Day) is a public holiday in Pakistan. In India he is also remembered as the author of Anthem of the People of Hindustan Saare Jahaan Se Achcha.
