Dipa Nusantara Aidit yang lebih dikenal dengan D.N. Aidit (lahir di Tanjung Pandan, Belitung, 30 Juli 1923 – meninggal di Boyolali, Jawa Tengah, 22 November 1965 pada umur 42 tahun) adalah seorang pemimpin senior Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI). Lahir dengan nama Ahmad Aidit di Pulau Belitung, ia akrab dipanggil "Amat" oleh orang-orang yang akrab dengannya. Aidit mendapat pendidikan dalam sistem kolonial Belanda. Ia dilahirkan dengan nama Achmad Aidit di Belitung, dan dipanggil "Amat" oleh orang-orang yang akrab dengannya. Pada masa kecilnya, Aidit mendapatkan pendidikan Belanda. Ayahnya, Abdullah Aidit, ikut serta memimpin gerakan pemuda di Belitung dalam melawan kekuasaan kolonial Belanda, dan setelah merdeka sempat menjadi anggota DPR (Sementara) mewakili rakyat Belitung. Abdullah Aidit juga pernah mendirikan sebuah perkumpulan keagamaan, "Nurul Islam", yang berorientasi kepada Muhammadiyah. Keluarga Aidit berasal-usul dari Maninjau, Agam, Sumatera Barat. Menjelang dewasa, Achmad Aidit mengganti namanya menjadi Dipa Nusantara Aidit. Ia memberitahukan hal ini kepada ayahnya, yang menyetujuinya begitu saja. Dari Belitung, Aidit berangkat ke Jakarta, dan pada 1940, ia mendirikan perpustakaan "Antara" di daerah Tanah Tinggi, Senen, Jakarta Pusat. Kemudian ia masuk ke Sekolah Dagang ("Handelsschool"). Ia belajar teori politik Marxis melalui Perhimpunan Demokratik Sosial Hindia Belanda (yang belakangan berganti nama menjadi Partai Komunis Indonesia). Dalam aktivitas politiknya itu pula ia mulai berkenalan dengan orang-orang yang kelak memainkan peranan penting dalam politik Indonesia, seperti Adam Malik, Chaerul Saleh, Bung Karno, Bung Hatta, dan Mohammad Yamin. Menurut sejumlah temannya, Hatta mulanya menaruh banyak harapan dan kepercayaan kepadanya, dan Achmad menjadi anak didik kesayangan Hatta. Namun belakangan mereka berseberangan jalan dari segi ideologi politiknya.
Meskipun ia seorang Marxis dan anggota Komunis Internasional (Komintern), Aidit menunjukkan dukungan terhadap paham Marhaenisme Sukarno[3] dan membiarkan partainya berkembang tanpa menunjukkan keinginan untuk merebut kekuasaan. Sebagai balasan atas dukungannya terhadap Sukarno, ia berhasil menjadi Sekjen PKI, dan belakangan Ketua. Di bawah kepemimpinannya, PKI menjadi partai komunis ketiga terbesar di dunia, setelah Uni Soviet dan RRC. Ia mengembangkan sejumlah program untuk berbagai kelompok masyarakat, seperti Pemuda Rakyat, Gerwani, Barisan Tani Indonesia (BTI), Lekra, dan lain-lain. Dalam kampanye Pemilu 1955, Aidit dan PKI berhasil memperoleh banyak pengikut dan dukungan karena program-program mereka untuk rakyat kecil di Indonesia. Dalam dasawarsa berikutnya, PKI menjadi pengimbang dari unsur-unsur konservatif di antara partai-partai politik Islam dan militer. Berakhirnya sistem parlementer pada tahun 1957 semakin meningkatkan peranan PKI, karena kekuatan ekstra-parlementer mereka. Ditambah lagi karena koneksi Aidit dan pemimpin PKI lainnya yang dekat dengan Presiden Sukarno, maka PKI menjadi organisasi massa yang sangat penting di Indonesia.
Dipa Nusantara Aidit (July 30, 1923 – November 22, 1965) was a senior leader of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). Born Ahmad Aidit on Belitung Island, he was nicknamed "Amat". Aidit was educated in the Dutch colonial system. Aidit was born Achmad Aidit in Pangkallalang, Belitung, 30 July 1923. He was the first son of four. His parents were Abdullah Aidit and Mailan. Achmad and his siblings studied at Hollandsche Inlandsch School. In early 1936, Achmad asked his father to continue his study to Batavia. Achmad then attended Middestand Handel School, instead of Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs because the registration had already been closed. Three years he lived in Cempaka Putih at his father colleague. He moved to Senen and lived with his brother Murad who followed in Achmad's footsteps. Unwilling to rely on money sent by their parents, Achmad and Murad tried to earn money themselves. In those times, Achmad was an active as member of Persatuan Timur Muda, under Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia led by Amir Sjarifudin and Adnan Kapau Gani, and later became the chairman. Achmad also changed his name to Dipa Nusantara, which was shortened as D.N. and was often mistaken for Djafar Nawawi, to conceal his descent which was at first, rejected by his father.During the Japanese occupation, in Asrama Menteng 31 D.N. Aidit and his friends received political lectures from Sukarno, Hatta, Amir Sjarifudin, Achmad Subardjo, and Ki Hajar Dewantoro. There, in 1943, Aidit first met M.H. Lukman. They were members of Gerakan Indonesia Merdeka while Aidit as the chairman of political council of the organization and Lukman as his member. In 1944, they were elected as the member of Barisan Pelopor Indonesia, the 100 men who were most loyal to Sukarno. About one year before Indonesian independence, Aidit, M.H. Lukman, Sidik Kertapati, Chalid Rasjidi, and the other young men studied politics at Asrama Kemerdekaan founded by Rear Admiral Maeda and headed by Wikana. In early September 1945, Angkatan Pemuda Indonesia was formed. Aidit was appointed as the chairman of API section Jakarta Raya. On 5 November, Aidit, Alizar Thaib, and the other API member attacked Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger's post but eventually were arrested. They were then exiled to Onrust island. After seven months, Aidit and Lukman were released. One day after released, they went to Yogyakarta to meet Wikana. In Yogyakarta, Aidit and Lukman ran the bimonthly magazine, Bintang Merah. There, they met Njoto, PKI's Banyuwangi representative.
In March 1947, Aidit was appointed as chairman of a PKI faction in a KNIP meeting. In early 1948, Aidit, Lukman, and Njoto were assigned to translate The Communist Manifesto into Indonesian. In August, the three became members of the Central Committee, respectively responsible for land affair, agitation and propaganda, and relation to other organizations. The three and Sudisman became members of the new PKI Politburo formed by Musso on 1 September 1948. Aidit was responsible for the labor section of the party. Aidit and Lukman managed to escape to China and Vietnam after PKI position was pressed in Madiun Affair, while Murad claimed that Aidit took shelter in Tanjung Priok. While in hiding, Aidit and Lukman reran Bintang Merah on 15 August 1950. They also published Suara Rakjat two weekly. In January 1951, Njoto joined the latter. After the 1948 affair, the four young members of the Politburo, Aidit, Njoto, Lukman, and Sudisman replaced the old leaders in January 1951 as a result of the fifth congress of the party. Aidit was appointed as the secretary general of the party, which was later renamed as chairman, while Njoto and Lukman as his deputies. PKI led by Aidit was not only based on labor and plantation worker, but also farmer.
