Nicolas Maduro - Presiden Negara Venezuela

Nicolás Maduro Moros (bahasa Spanyol: [nikoˈlas maˈðuɾo ˈmoɾos]; lahir di Caracas, Venezuela, 23 November 1962; umur 56 tahun), lebih dikenal sebagai Nicolás Maduro adalah seorang politikus Venezuela yang menjabat sebagai Presiden ke-65 Venezuela sejak tahun 2013. Sebelumnya ia menjabat di bawah Presiden Hugo Chávez sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri dari tahun 2006 hingga 2013 dan sebagai Wakil Presiden Venezuela dari tahun 2012 sampai 2013. Ia merupakan seorang mantan sopir bus, yang kemudian menjadi seorang pemimpin serikat buruh, sebelum terpilih menjadi anggota Majelis Nasional pada tahun 2000.

Ia diangkat ke sejumlah posisi dalam Pemerintahan Venezuela di bawah masa kepemimpinan Chávez, di antaranya sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri pada tahun 2006 dan menjadi Wakil Presiden pada tahun 2012. Ia selama ini dideskripsikan sebagai "administrator dan politikus yang paling cakap pada lingkaran dalam Chávez". Setelah kematian Chávez diumumkan pada tanggal 5 Maret 2013, Maduro diasumsikan sebagai pemegang kekuasaan dan tanggung jawab presiden selanjutnya. Sebuah pemilihan khusus diadakan pada 14 April 2013 untuk memilih presiden baru, dan Nicolás Maduro menang dengan perolehan 50,62 % suara sebagai kandidat dari Partai Sosialis Bersatu Venezuela. Ia secara resmi dilantik pada 19 April 2013.

Sejak terpilih menjadi presiden, Maduro lebih banyak melanjutkan berbagai kebijakan Chávez, dan hal tersebut malah menimbulkan penurunan status sosial ekonomi di Venezuela, di mana tindak kejahatan, inflasi, kemiskinan dan kelaparan meningkat pesat. Kekurangan yang terjadi di Venezuela dan standar hidup yang menurun mengakibatkan timbulnya aksi protes yang dimulai pada 2014, aksi itu kemudian malah meningkat menjadi kerusuhan nasional hingga pada tahun 2016 ini. Maduro dianggap seperti Chávez, yang menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan otoriter.


Nicolás Maduro Moros born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician serving as President of Venezuela since 2013, and disputed president since January 2019. AP News reported that "familiar geopolitical sides" had formed in the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis, with allies Russia, China, Iran, Syria, and Cuba supporting Maduro, and the US, Canada, and most of Western Europe supporting Juan Guaidó as interim president. Beginning his working life as a bus driver, Maduro rose to become a trade union leader before being elected to the National Assembly in 2000. He was appointed to a number of positions under President Hugo Chávez and was described in 2012 by the Wall Street Journal as the "most capable administrator and politician of Chávez's inner circle". He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2013 and as Vice President of Venezuela from 2012 to 2013 under Chávez. After Chávez's death was announced on 5 March 2013, Maduro assumed the presidential powers and responsibilities. A special presidential election was held in 2013, which Maduro won with 50.62% of the vote as the United Socialist Party of Venezuela candidate. He has ruled Venezuela by decree since 19 November 2013 through powers granted to him by the pre-2015 Venezuela legislature. Shortages in Venezuela and decreased living standards led to protests beginning in 2014 that escalated into daily marches nationwide, repression of dissent and a decline in Maduro's popularity.

According to The New York Times, Maduro's adminstration was held "responsible for grossly mismanaging the economy and plunging the country into a deep humanitarian crisis" and attempting to "crush the opposition by jailing or exiling critics, and using lethal force against antigovernment protesters".[9] An opposition-led National Assembly was elected in 2015 and a movement toward recalling Maduro began in 2016; Maduro maintained power through the Supreme Tribunal, the National Electoral Council and the military. The Supreme Tribunal removed power from the elected National Assembly, resulting in a constitutional crisis and protests in 2017. Maduro called for a rewrite of the constitution, and the Constituent Assembly of Venezuela was elected in 2017, under what many—including Venezuela's chief prosecutor Luisa Ortega and Smartmatic, the company that ran the voting machines—considered irregular voting conditions; the majority of its members were pro-Maduro. On 20 May 2018, presidential elections were called prematurely;[c] opposition leaders had been jailed, exiled or forbidden to run, there was no international observation, and tactics to suggest voters could lose their jobs or social welfare if they did not vote for Maduro were used.

The majority of nations in the Western world did not recognize the Constituent Assembly election or the validity of Maduro's 2018 reelection; the Canadian, Panamanian, and the United States governments sanctioned Maduro. Maduro has been described as a "dictator", and an Organization of American States (OAS) report determined that crimes against humanity have been committed during his presidency.[28] Maduro allies including China, Cuba, Russia, Iran, and Turkey support and denounce what they call interference in Venezuela's domestic affairs. Amid widespread condemnation, President Maduro was sworn in on 10 January 2019, and the President of the National Assembly, Guaidó, was declared the interim President by that body on 23 January 2019. Maduro's government states that the crisis is a "coup d'état led by the United States to topple him and control the country's oil reserves." Guaidó denies the coup allegations, saying peaceful volunteers back his movement.

Read More

Nicolás Maduro Moros - Presiden Venezuela

Nicolás Maduro Moros (bahasa Spanyol: [nikoˈlas maˈðuɾo ˈmoɾos]; lahir di Caracas, Venezuela, 23 November 1962; umur 55 tahun), lebih dikenal sebagai Nicolás Maduro adalah seorang politikus Venezuela yang menjabat sebagai Presiden ke-65 Venezuela sejak tahun 2013. Sebelumnya ia menjabat di bawah Presiden Hugo Chávez sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri dari tahun 2006 hingga 2013 dan sebagai Wakil Presiden Venezuela dari tahun 2012 sampai 2013.

Ia merupakan seorang mantan sopir bus, yang kemudian menjadi seorang pemimpin serikat buruh, sebelum terpilih menjadi anggota Majelis Nasional pada tahun 2000. Ia diangkat ke sejumlah posisi dalam Pemerintahan Venezuela di bawah masa kepemimpinan Chávez, di antaranya sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri pada tahun 2006 dan menjadi Wakil Presiden pada tahun 2012. Ia selama ini dideskripsikan sebagai "administrator dan politikus yang paling cakap pada lingkaran dalam Chávez". Setelah kematian Chávez diumumkan pada tanggal 5 Maret 2013, Maduro diasumsikan sebagai pemegang kekuasaan dan tanggung jawab presiden selanjutnya. Sebuah pemilihan khusus diadakan pada 14 April 2013 untuk memilih presiden baru, dan Nicolás Maduro menang dengan perolehan 50,62 % suara sebagai kandidat dari Partai Sosialis Bersatu Venezuela. Ia secara resmi dilantik pada 19 April 2013.

Sejak terpilih menjadi presiden, Maduro lebih banyak melanjutkan berbagai kebijakan Chávez, dan hal tersebut malah menimbulkan penurunan status sosial ekonomi di Venezuela, di mana tindak kejahatan, inflasi, kemiskinan dan kelaparan meningkat pesat. Kekurangan yang terjadi di Venezuela dan standar hidup yang menurun mengakibatkan timbulnya aksi protes yang dimulai pada 2014, aksi itu kemudian malah meningkat menjadi kerusuhan nasional hingga pada tahun 2016 ini. Maduro dianggap seperti Chávez, yang menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan otoriter.

Nicolás Maduro Moros (Spanish: [nikoˈlas maˈðuɾo ˈmoɾos]; born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician who has served as the 63rd President of Venezuela since 2013 and previously served under President Hugo Chávez as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2013 and as Vice President of Venezuela from 2012 to 2013. Starting off as a bus driver, Maduro rose to become a trade union leader before being elected to the National Assembly in 2000. He was appointed to a number of positions within the Venezuelan government under Chávez, ultimately being made Foreign Minister in 2006. He was described during this time as the "most capable administrator and politician of Chávez's inner circle". After Chávez's death was announced on 5 March 2013, Maduro assumed the powers and responsibilities of the President. A special election was held on 14 April 2013 to elect a new President, and Maduro won with 50.62% of the votes as the candidate of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela. He was formally inaugurated on 19 April.

Maduro has ruled Venezuela by decree since 19 November 2013. His presidency has coincided with a decline in Venezuela's socioeconomic status, with crime, inflation, poverty and hunger increasing; analysts have attributed Venezuela's decline to both Chávez and Maduro's economic policies, while Maduro has blamed speculation and an "economic war" waged by his political opponents. Shortages in Venezuela and decreased living standards resulted in protests beginning in 2014 that escalated into daily marches nationwide, resulting in 43 deaths and a decrease in Maduro's popularity. Maduro's loss of popularity saw the election of an opposition-led National Assembly in 2015 and a movement toward recalling Maduro in 2016, though Maduro still maintains power through loyal political bodies, such as the Supreme Court, National Electoral Council and military. After entering a constitutional crisis when the Supreme Tribunal removed power from the National Assembly, months of protests occurred in 2017, leading Maduro to call for a rewrite of the constitution. The Constituent Assembly of Venezuela was elected into office 30 July 2017, with the majority of its members being pro-Maduro.

On 20 May 2018, Maduro was reelected into the presidency in what the Atlantic Council and Financial Times described as a show election which had the lowest voter turnout in Venezuela's modern history. Like Chávez, Maduro has been accused of authoritarian leadership,[28] with mainstream media describing him as a dictator, especially following the suspension of the recall movement that was directed towards him. Following the 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election, the United States sanctioned Maduro, freezing his U.S. assets and prohibited him from entering the country, stating that he was a "dictator".[33] The majority of nations in the Americas and the Western world also refused to recognize the Constituent Assembly and the validity of his 2018 reelection, initiating their own sanctions against him and his administration as well.

Read More

Simon Bolivar Tokoh Pembebasan Amerika Latin

Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (lahir di Caracas, Venezuela, 24 Juli 1783 – meninggal di Santa Marta, Kolombia, 17 Desember 1830 pada umur 47 tahun) adalah panglima militer perjuangan kemerdekaan Amerika Selatan yang secara kolektif dikenal dengan perang Bolívar. Ia membebaskan banyak negeri di Amerika Selatan dari Spanyol. Selama beberapa tahun, ia adalah Presiden Gran Colombia, negara yang tidak lama ada. Negara Bolivia dinamai menurut Bolívar. Simon Bolivar adalah orang yang menentukan dalam pembebasan dari belenggu kolonialisme Spanyol yaitu : Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru dan Bolovia. Bolivar sendiri anak Venezuela, lahir di kota Caracas tahun 1783, berasal dari keluarga aristokrat keturunan Spanyol. Baru umur sembilan tahun sudah yatim. Pada tahun-tahun meningkat dewasanya dia teramat sangat terpengaruh oleh ide-ide kaum pembaharu Perancis. Filosof-filosof yang kerap dia baca antara lain John Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire dan Montesqueu. Selaku remaja, Bolivar berkelana ke beberapa negeri Eropa. Di Roma tahun 1805 di puncak bukit Aventine, Bolivar angkat sumpah, tidak akan duduk berpangku tangan sebelum tanah airnya bebas dari penindasan kolonialisme Spanyol.

Tahun-tahun berikutnya mencatat serentetan pertempuran hebat, sebentar merebut kemenangan sebentar menderita pukulan berat, tetapi tekad Bolivar tak pernah mengendur. Titik balik terjadi tahun 1819 tatkala Bolivar memimpin pasukan yang campur aduk dan tak beraturan, menyeberang sungai mengambah daratan tinggi, lembah dan pucuk pegunungan Andes untuk menghajar serdadu Spanyol di Columbia. Di sana dia menangkan pertempuran yang sulit di Boyaca (17 Agustus 1819), kemenangan yang betul-betul merupakan mentari terbit kemenangan. Venezuela dibebaskan tahun 1821 dan Ecuador tahun 1822. Sisa tahun-tahun karier Bolivar tidak begitu sukses. Dia terkesan dengan contoh-contoh Amerika Serikat dan menginginkan adanya federasi untuk seluruh negeri Amerika Selatan. Kenyataannya, Venezuela, Colombia dan Ecuador telah melebur diri menjadi Republik Colombia Raya dengan Bolivar selaku presiden. Malangnya, gejala gerak menjauh di Amerika Selatan lebih besar terasa ketimbang di Amerika Utara. Tatkala Bolivar mengundang muktamar negeri-negeri Amerika bebas Spanyol di tahun 1826, cuma. empat negara yang hadir. Sebetulnya lebih banyak negeri yang bergabung dengan Colombia Raya, tetapi republik ini segera berantakan dengan sendirinya. Perang saudara pecah pada tahun 1828 dan ada percobaan membunuh Simon Bolivar. Menjelang 1830 Venezuela dan Ecuador mengundurkan diri. Bolivar, sadar bahwa dia merupakan penghalang buat perdamaian, mengundurkan diri di bulan April tahun 1830. Tatkala dia wafat di bulan Desember 1830, dia dalam rundungan kecewa, miskin terlunta-lunta dan dibuang dari negeri asalnya Venezuela.

Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (Spanish: [siˈmon boˈliβar] ( listen); 24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830), known as El Libertador, was a Venezuelan military and political leader who played a leading role in the establishment of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Panama as sovereign states, independent of Spanish rule. Bolívar was born into a wealthy, aristocratic Creole family and, like other upper-class families of his day, was sent to be educated abroad at a young age, arriving in Spain when he was 16 and later moving to France. While in Europe he was introduced to the ideas of the Enlightenment, later motivating him to overthrow the reigning Spanish. Taking advantage of the disorder in Spain prompted by the Peninsular War, Bolívar began his campaign for independence in 1808, appealing to the wealthy Creole population through a conservative process, and established an organized national congress within three years. Despite a number of hindrances, including the arrival of an unprecedentedly large Spanish expeditionary force, the revolutionaries eventually prevailed, culminating in the patriot victory at the Battle of Carabobo in 1821, which effectively made Venezuela an independent country.

Following this triumph over the Spanish monarchy, Bolívar participated in the foundation of the first union of independent nations in Latin America, Gran Colombia, of which he was president from 1819 to 1830. Through further military campaigns, he ousted Spanish rulers from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia (named after him). He was simultaneously president of Gran Colombia (current Venezuela, Colombia, Panamá and Ecuador) and Peru, while his second in command Antonio José de Sucre was appointed president of Bolivia. He aimed at a strong and united Spanish America able to cope not only with the threats emanating from Spain and the European Holy Alliance but also with the emerging power of the United States. At the peak of his power, Bolívar ruled over a vast territory from the Argentine border to the Caribbean Sea. Bolívar is, along with Argentine General José de San Martín, considered one of the great heroes of the Hispanic independence movements of the early 19th century. At the end of his life, Bolívar despaired of the situation in the region, with the famous quote "all who served the revolution have plowed the sea".[4]:450 Earlier, in an address to the Constituent Congress of the Republic of Colombia, Bolívar stated "Fellow citizens! I blush to say this: Independence is the only benefit we have acquired, to the detriment of all the rest."

Read More